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ISTQB CT-AI Exam Syllabus Topics:
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Use this CT-AI practice material to ensure your exam preparation is successful. Mock exams at Actual4Cert are available in CT-AI desktop software and web-based format. Both ISTQB CT-AI self-assessment exams have similar features. They create an ISTQB CT-AI actual test-like scenario, point out your mistakes, and offer customizable sessions.
ISTQB Certified Tester AI Testing Exam Sample Questions (Q27-Q32):
NEW QUESTION # 27
Which of the following is an example of a clustering problem that can be resolved by unsupervised learning?
Answer: A
Explanation:
Clustering is a form ofunsupervised learning, which groups data points based onsimilarities without predefined labels. According toISTQB CT-AI Syllabus, clustering is used in scenarios where:
* The objective is to find natural groupings in data.
* The dataset does not have labeled outputs.
* Patterns and structures need to be identified automatically.
Analyzing the answer choices:
* A. Associating shoppers with their shopping tendencies # Correct
* Shoppers can be grouped based on purchasing behaviors(e.g., luxury shoppers vs. budget- conscious shoppers), which is a typical clustering application in market segmentation.
* B. Grouping individual fish together based on their types of fins # Incorrect
* If thetypes of fins are labeled, it becomes aclassification problem, which requires supervised learning.
* C. Classifying muffin purchases based on packaging attractiveness # Incorrect
* Classification, not clustering, because attractiveness scores or labels must be predefined.
* D. Estimating the expected purchase of cat food after an ad campaign # Incorrect
* This is a prediction task, best suited forregression models, which are part of supervised learning.
Thus,Option A is the best answer, asclusteringis used togroup shoppers based on tendencies without predefined labels.
Certified Tester AI Testing Study Guide References:
* ISTQB CT-AI Syllabus v1.0, Section 3.1.2 (Unsupervised Learning - Clustering and Association)
* ISTQB CT-AI Syllabus v1.0, Section 3.3 (Selecting a Form of ML - Clustering).
NEW QUESTION # 28
Written requirements are given in text documents, which ONE of the following options is the BEST way to generate test cases from these requirements?
SELECT ONE OPTION
Answer: A
Explanation:
When written requirements are given in text documents, the best way to generate test cases is by using Natural Language Processing (NLP). Here's why:
Natural Language Processing (NLP): NLP can analyze and understand human language. It can be used to process textual requirements to extract relevant information and generate test cases. This method is efficient in handling large volumes of textual data and identifying key elements necessary for testing.
Why Not Other Options:
Analyzing source code for generating test cases: This is more suitable for white-box testing where the code is available, but it doesn't apply to text-based requirements.
Machine learning on logs of execution: This approach is used for dynamic analysis based on system behavior during execution rather than static textual requirements.
GUI analysis by computer vision: This is used for testing graphical user interfaces and is not applicable to text-based requirements.
NEW QUESTION # 29
You have access to the training data that was used to train an AI-based system. You can review this information and use it as a guideline when creating your tests. What type of characteristic is this?
Answer: A
Explanation:
AI-based systems can sometimes behave likeblack boxes, where the internal decision-making process is unclear.Transparencyrefers to theability to inspect and understand the training data, algorithms, and decision- making processof the AI system.
* Transparency ensures that testers and stakeholders can review how an AI system was trained.
* Access totraining datais a key factor in transparency because it allows testers toanalyze biases, completeness, and representativenessof the dataset.
* Transparency is an essential characteristic of explainable AI (XAI).
* Having access to training data means that testers can investigate how data influences AI behavior.
* Regulatory and ethical AI guidelines emphasize transparency.
* Many AI ethics frameworks, such asGDPR and Trustworthy AI guidelines, recommend transparency to ensurefair and explainable AI decision-making.
* (A) Autonomy#
* Autonomy refers to an AI system's ability to make decisions independentlywithout human intervention. However,having access to training data does not relate to autonomy, which is more about self-learning and decision-making without human control.
* (B) Explorability#
* Explorability refers to the ability to test AI systems interactivelyto understand their behavior, but it does not directly relate to accessing training data.
* (D) Accessibility#
* Accessibility refers to the ease with which people can use the system, not the ability to inspect the training data.
* Transparency is the ease with which the training data and algorithm used to generate a model can be understood."Transparency: This is considered to be the ease with which the algorithm and training data used to generate the model can be determined." Why is Option C Correct?Why Other Options are Incorrect?References from ISTQB Certified Tester AI Testing Study GuideThus,option C is the correct answer, astransparency involves access to training data, allowing testers to understand AI decision-making processes.
NEW QUESTION # 30
Which ONE of the following statements is a CORRECT adversarial example in the context of machine learning systems that are working on image classifiers.
SELECT ONE OPTION
Answer: C
Explanation:
A . Black box attacks based on adversarial examples create an exact duplicate model of the original.
Black box attacks do not create an exact duplicate model. Instead, they exploit the model by querying it and using the outputs to craft adversarial examples without knowledge of the internal workings.
B . These attack examples cause a model to predict the correct class with slightly less accuracy even though they look like the original image.
Adversarial examples typically cause the model to predict the incorrect class rather than just reducing accuracy. These examples are designed to be visually indistinguishable from the original image but lead to incorrect classifications.
C . These attacks can't be prevented by retraining the model with these examples augmented to the training data.
This statement is incorrect because retraining the model with adversarial examples included in the training data can help the model learn to resist such attacks, a technique known as adversarial training.
D . These examples are model specific and are not likely to cause another model trained on the same task to fail.
Adversarial examples are often model-specific, meaning that they exploit the specific weaknesses of a particular model. While some adversarial examples might transfer between models, many are tailored to the specific model they were generated for and may not affect other models trained on the same task.
Therefore, the correct answer is D because adversarial examples are typically model-specific and may not cause another model trained on the same task to fail.
NEW QUESTION # 31
Upon testing a model used to detect rotten tomatoes, the following data was observed by the test engineer, based on certain number of tomato images.
For this confusion matrix which combinations of values of accuracy, recall, and specificity respectively is CORRECT?
SELECT ONE OPTION
Answer: B
Explanation:
To calculate the accuracy, recall, and specificity from the confusion matrix provided, we use the following formulas:
* Confusion Matrix:
* Actually Rotten: 45 (True Positive), 8 (False Positive)
* Actually Fresh: 5 (False Negative), 42 (True Negative)
* Accuracy:
* Accuracy is the proportion of true results (both true positives and true negatives) in the total population.
* Formula: Accuracy=TP+TNTP+TN+FP+FN ext{Accuracy} = rac{TP + TN}{TP + TN + FP + FN}Accuracy=TP+TN+FP+FNTP+TN
* Calculation: Accuracy=45+4245+42+8+5=87100=0.87 ext{Accuracy} = rac{45 + 42}{45 + 42
+ 8 + 5} = rac{87}{100} = 0.87Accuracy=45+42+8+545+42=10087=0.87
* Recall (Sensitivity):
* Recall is the proportion of true positive results in the total actual positives.
* Formula: Recall=TPTP+FN ext{Recall} = rac{TP}{TP + FN}Recall=TP+FNTP
* Calculation: Recall=4545+5=4550=0.9 ext{Recall} = rac{45}{45 + 5} = rac{45}{50} = 0.9 Recall=45+545=5045=0.9
* Specificity:
* Specificity is the proportion of true negative results in the total actual negatives.
* Formula: Specificity=TNTN+FP ext{Specificity} = rac{TN}{TN + FP}Specificity=TN+FPTN
* Calculation: Specificity=4242+8=4250=0.84 ext{Specificity} = rac{42}{42 + 8} = rac{42}{50} = 0.84Specificity=42+842=5042=0.84 Therefore, the correct combinations of accuracy, recall, and specificity are 0.87, 0.9, and 0.84 respectively.
References:
* ISTQB CT-AI Syllabus, Section 5.1, Confusion Matrix, provides detailed formulas and explanations for calculating various metrics including accuracy, recall, and specificity.
* "ML Functional Performance Metrics" (ISTQB CT-AI Syllabus, Section 5).
NEW QUESTION # 32
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